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!!!!ca - 400 BC __ On Mathematics * Archytas of Tarentum (Ἀρχύτας / Arkhytas) (ca.428-350 BC) * ''Translated excerpt'' : « ^[...^] Well then, first they ^[the Mathematicians^] reflected that it is not possible that there be sound, if an impact of some things against one another does not occur ; they said that an impact occurred whenever things in motion came upon and collided with one another. Some moving in opposing directions, when they meet, make a sound as each slows the other down, but others moving in the same direction but not with equal speed, being overtaken by the ones rushing upon them and being struck, make a sound. Indeed many of these sounds cannot be recognized because of our nature, some because of the weakness of the blow, others because of the distance of separation from us and some because of the excess of the magnitude. For the great sounds do not steal into our hearing, just as nothing is poured into narrow-mouthed vessels, whenever someone pours out a lot. ^[...^] » ''(Archytas the Pythagorean, "On Mathematics")'' * ''Attached references :'' {small}Aristotle (- 384-322 BC), ''Problemata'' (ca -350 BC) ; Aeneas Tacticus (?), ''How to Survive under Siege'' (ca -350 BC) ; Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio) (ca 80/70-15 BC), ''« De Architectura, Libri Decem »'' (- 25 BC) ; Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria (10-70 AD), ''Pneumatika (Hydraulis)'' (62 AD), ''Automaton Theater — ΠΕΡΙ ΤΩΝ ΣΤΑΤΩΝ ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΩΝ'' (ca 100 AD) ; Plutarch of Delphi (ca 46-120 AD), ''« Peri tou akouein — De recta ratione audiendi »'' (ca 100 AD), ''« Symposia »'' (ca 100 AD) ; Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis) (St. Augustine or St. Austin) (354-430), ''De musica'' (ca 400 AD) ; Muristus (or Murtas, or Murtus, or Ameristos), ''Hydraulic organ'' (ca 800-900) ; Banū Mūsā Brothers (ca 800-873), ''Kilāb al-hiya''l (The Book of Ingenious Devices) (Al-ālāt allatī tuzammiru bi-nafsihā) (ca 850) ; Leo the Mathematician (866-912), ''Automatons'' (ca 900) ; Pirro Ligorio (?) & Orazio Olivieri (?), ''Fontana dell'Organo - Villa d’Este'' (Tivoli) (1549/1575) ; Santino Solari (1576-1646), ''Garden of Hellbrunn'' (1615) ; Salomon de Caus (1576-1626), ''Les Raisons des forces mouvantes'' (1615) ; Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756-1827), ''Entdeckungen über die Theorie des Klanges'' (1787), ''Die Akustik'' (1802) ; Thomas Young (1773-1829), ''Vibrograph'' (1807) ; Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875), ''Kaleidophone'' (1827) ; Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel (1797-1872), ''Vibroscope'' (1843) ; Joshua C. Stoddard (1814-1902), ''Calliope'' (1855) ; Edwin Scott Votey (1856-1931), ''Pianola'' (1895) ; El Lissitzky (1890–1941), ''Elektro-mechanischen Schau'' (1920) ; Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870-1957), ''Bok Tower Gardens'' (1929).{/small} * ''Sources :'' {small}C. A. Huffman. (2005). ''Archytas of Tarentum: Pythagorean, philosopher, and mathematician king''. Cambridge University Press ; F. Baskevitch. (2008). ''Les représentations de la propagation du son, d’Aristote à l’Encyclopédie''. Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Nantes, U.F.R. Lettres et Langages, Ecole doctorale : « Connaissance, Langages, Cultures ».{/small} {br}{br}
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