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!!!!1899 __ The Singing Arc * William Du Bois Duddell (1869-1942) * ''Comment :'' Prior to the invention of the incandescent light bulb, arc lamps were used to light the streets. They created light by means of an electrical arc between two carbon electrodes. These lamps also produced a constant audible hum. Duddell was appointed in 1899 to solve this problem. As a result of his research (through which he demonstrated the humming was caused by a fluctuating electric current), he invented the singing arc, which could generate musical notes by way of a keyboard which interrupted oscillations in a circuit, making it one of the first examples of electronic music, and the very first that did not use the telephone system as an amplifier or speaker. When Duddell exhibited the singing arc to the London Institution of Electrical Engineers, arc lamps on the same circuit in other buildings were noticed to play the tones of Duddell's machine ^[Ed. : by generation of frequencies up to about 1MHz^]. Despite the potential of music delivered over the lighting network, Duddell did not capitalize on his discovery as anything more than a novelty. ''(Comment under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA license, In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved November 4, 2010)'' * ''Sources :'' {small}G.L. Frost. (2010). ''Early FM Radio : Incremental Technology in Twentieth-Century America''. pp. 24-25. Baltimore : The John Hopkins University Press ; M. Babbitt. (1960). ''The Revolution in Sound : Electronic Music''. In ‘Columbia University Magazine’, (Spring 1960) : 4-8 ; and also : In ‘Music Journal’ 18, n° 7 (1965). pp. 34-35 ; and also : In ‘The Collected Essays of Milton Babbitt’. Edited by Stephen Peles with Stephen Dembski, Andrew Mead, & Joseph N. Straus. p. 76. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2003.{/small} {br}{br}
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